It’s a good idea to set expectations for your housemates on how to get your attention during work hours. For example, when your door is closed, it means they should slide a note under the door instead of knocking. It may be tempting to work from your bed or the kitchen, but your productivity might take a hit since there are distractions all around you.
Now that is a problem you would have to solve. This remarkable art photographer dedicated her life to capturing mesmerizing moments of life in the streets of Chicago and NewYork. Vivian Maier made over 100,000 street art photos during her 50-year long career. She worked as a nanny and caregiver to finance expensive equipment needed for expressing her artistic vision. Another useful read for newbies on the art scene, Art/Work- Revised and Updated, comes from two art professionals.
He likes to play with genres, mimicking art from the past. Even though some may see this as the open act of mockery, Koons has found a way to create intriguing and profitable works of art. This other source of income will free you from the pressure of selling your work. In this way, you can stay https://remotemode.net/ true to your artistic expression and avoid following art market trends blindly and creating art that you know would sell. Pleasing the public for profit may be a dangerous trap for your creativity, so it is essential to have a regular job to sustain you at the beginning of your artistic career.
Getting the hang of asynchronous communication will help you avoid losing time on projects and ensure your team has everything they need to move forward on their work. To ensure everyone on your team is on the same page, establish guidelines for the how to work from home successfully frequency, timing, and means of communication. Additionally, determine how cross-departmental communication will work. Spend 15 minutes or so to wrap up what you’re working on. Leave a to-do list so you aren’t tossing and turning all night long.
With black tea, you want to capitalize on that. You let them wilt a little bit to start kind of softening up the cells, and then you deliberately bruise them to get that oxidation started. And that’s what eventually leads to those beautiful colors in a cup of black tea, which is almost ruby red. In 2023, organizations continued to face significant challenges, from inflation to geopolitical turmoil to controversy over DEI and return-to-work policies — and 2024 promises more disruption. Gartner researchers have identified nine key trends, from new and creative employee benefits to the collapse of traditional career paths, that will impact work this year.
The program can help seasoned professionals understand how to move into energizing a team. At $642 per credit, the 32-credit program will cost participants $20,544 and can be completed in two years. For those looking for an inexpensive way to get started in video editing, Udemy offers a range of courses. Premiere Pro CC for Beginners is a technical course that introduces an industry-standard software to complete beginners and those that have edited in less-advanced editing software. The $199 program comprises 93 lectures with eight total hours of video instruction and can be completed at the pace of the student’s choosing.
Every investor’s situation and goals are unique, which emphasizes the need to consult a financial professional. If you see an acquiree’s actual working capital plummet below the target NWC, you could very well be staring at an increased investment just to fund post-closing working capital needs. However, a post-closing adjustment could protect you from such fluctuations by adjusting the purchase price to account for the lower NWC. So how can you avoid joining such a miserable statistical club with your acquisitions? But because valuation data is such a critical foundation to your purchase accounting – which happens to be the topic du jour – we’re going to hone in on a few valuation best practices before proceeding.
Unlike IAS 2, under US GAAP, a write down of inventory to NRV (or market) is not reversed for subsequent recoveries in value unless it relates to changes in exchange rates. IFRS Standards define an onerous contract as one in which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received. Unavoidable costs are the lower of the costs of fulfilling the contract and any compensation or penalties from the failure to fulfill it.
This method dictates that the overall value of an inventory is based on the average cost of items purchased and sold within a given accounting period. This journal entry will increase the inventory balance on the balance sheet by $10,000 as of January 1. In this case, both total assets and total liabilities on the balance sheet will increase by $10,000 as a result of purchasing $10,000 inventory on credit. On the other hand, periodic inventory relies on a physical inventory count to determine cost of goods sold and end inventory amounts.
This type of entry ensures that the inventory account balance is accurate and that the accounts payable balance is updated. Failing to continuously update inventory records can lead to inaccurate stock levels, discrepancies between physical and recorded counts, and misaligned financial information. It is essential for businesses to promptly record all inventory-related transactions, including purchases, returns, and adjustments, to maintain accurate records.
If items of inventory are not interchangeable or comprise goods or services for specific projects, then cost is determined on an individual item basis. Conversely, when there are many interchangeable items, cost formulas – first-in, 5000+ freelancer auditor jobs in united states 257 new first-out (FIFO) or weighted-average cost – may be used. Techniques for measuring the cost of inventories, such as the standard cost method or the retail method, may be used for convenience if the results approximate cost.
Regular reconciliation of physical inventory counts with recorded counts is also crucial to ensure the integrity of inventory records. In this article, you’ll discover a straightforward guide on how to effectively account for inventory purchases. Understanding how to accurately track your inventory is crucial for any business owner. Whether you’re just starting out or have been in the industry for years, having a solid grasp on inventory management can greatly impact your bottom line. By implementing the right strategies and following best practices, you’ll be able to keep a close eye on your inventory purchases, ensuring that you have the right amount of products at the right time. So, let’s dive into the world of inventory accounting and unleash the potential for your business’s success.
There are three main methods of inventory valuation that companies can choose to use to account for the value of their stock. To accurately calculate and record the valued inventory each year, businesses must select one of these costing methods and stick with it. Yes, simply put, all businesses must report their inventory to their country’s revenue collection agency. However, revenue collection agencies do not need to know the specific inventory items, but rather the costs of goods sold and net income, which are both calculated using the inventory balance.
A number of inventory journal entries are needed to document these transactions. In a modern, computerized inventory tracking system, the system generates most of these transactions for you, so the precise nature of the journal entries is not necessarily visible. Nonetheless, you may find a need for some of the following entries from time to time, to be created as manual journal entries in the accounting system. One of the biggest mistakes ecommerce companies make is how the cost of products or Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) is recorded when accounting for inventory purchases. We put start early at the top of our best practices for a reason – you’re on a strict clock.
Inventory purchases may also refer to the account maintained to record acquired inventory. While the inventory account appears on the balance sheet, inventory purchases are a part of the income statement. The inventory purchases account holds details of all inventory acquisitions during a single accounting period. In conclusion, understanding inventory accounting is essential for any business aiming to manage and control its inventory effectively. By implementing accurate and reliable inventory accounting practices, businesses can make informed decisions, reduce costs, and improve overall operational efficiency. One common mistake in inventory accounting is overstocking or understocking inventory.
Whether you’re manufacturing items or purchasing products from a supplier for resale, it’s essential that inventory be accounted for properly. Finding the method that best suits your business can go a long way toward making the process easier. Investing in digital assets, such as bitcoin, involves significant risks due to their extreme price volatility and the potential for loss, theft, or compromise of private keys. The value of the shares is closely tied to acceptance, industry developments, and governance changes, making them susceptible to market sentiment. Digital assets represent a new and rapidly evolving industry, and the value of the Shares depends on the acceptance of bitcoin. Changes in the governance of a digital asset network may not receive sufficient support from users and miners, which may negatively affect that digital asset network’s ability to grow and respond to challenges.
Usually, the process begins with obtaining the required goods that the company can put for sale. Record the cost of goods sold by reducing (C) the Inventory object code for products sold and charging (D) the Cost of Goods Sold object code in the operating account. Understanding the behind-the-scenes accounting helps us better see what is actually happening when we buy and sell inventory. Let’s take a look at the journal entries that are made for both the purchase and sale of inventory. This example shows that the company recorded their inventory costs the same month they purchased the inventory instead of waiting until they sold the inventory to record the costs.
For most manufacturing companies, inventory includes raw materials, work-in-progress and finished goods. To correct an overage, increase (D) the balance on the Inventory object code and reduce (C) the Inventory Over/Short object code in the sales operating account. To correct a shortage, reduce (C) the balance on the Inventory object code and increase (D) the Inventory Over/Short object code in the sales operating account.
After both of these purchases were completed, you were left with 35 crystals in stock, all valued at $5 each for a total value of $175. To better understand the similarities and differences between investments, including investment objectives, risks, fees and expenses, it is important to read the products’ prospectuses. One of the ways investors can invest directly in bitcoin is through crypto exchanges. For investors that prefer the convenience of ETFs, bitcoin ETFs such as IBIT provide exposure through a traditional brokerage account.
Before you endorse it, you must ensure that the original check has the correct date, amount, and payee name. In the 21st century, only a few of us often go into a bank to deposit checks. ATMs and night drops have become popular alternatives to seeing a teller. When you go into a bank with the check, you can turn over the check and sign the back of it in front of the bank teller.
By writing your check endorsement this way, you can endorse a check to someone else. But odds are, you will still both need to be present in order for someone else to cash or deposit the check you endorsed to them. FBO checks, or “For the Benefit of” checks, are checks written to be payable to person A for the benefit of person B. This allows checks to be cashed or deposited by a specific party even though they are meant for another.
If the check doesn’t specify “and” or “or,” but just lists the names, then follow the same instructions you would if the check were written with the word “and.” It also serves as a reminder to you that this check has already been taken care of. In general, whoever’s name is written on the “Pay to the Order of” line is the one who needs to endorse the check.
The blank endorsement indicates that whoever is in possession of the endorsed check is considered to be the owner. To avoid such a risk, businesses and individuals should use restrictive endorsements on the checks they receive. Endorsing a check is a relatively simple process and it significantly improves your banking security. Different types of checks require different types of endorsements, but most involve signing a check’s back to prove that you’re the legal owner of the funds it represents. Learning to endorse a check is a basic part of financial literacy, so be sure you know how the system works.
These can range from a simple signature (blank endorsement) to more specific endorsements like restrictive (limits the check’s use) and special or full (designates another recipient). If both banks allow third-party endorsements, then you can endorse the check by signing the back of it, and then writing “Pay to the order of [person’s first and last name]” under your after-tax income definition signature. These requirements could involve restrictive or special endorsements, which set specific circumstances for deposit. Endorsements can also be used to sign a check over to someone else. The check sender signs their signature on the front of the check to allow the funds they outlined to be taken from their bank account and given to you, the check receiver.
This type of endorsement passes title of the check to the payee, but with certain conditions/restrictions. You qualify the check by writing the words “without recourse” in the endorsement area. Qualified endorsements typically absolve the endorser from the responsibility of payment if, for any reason, the check is not honored. Unlike a blank check, a special endorsement check enables only the person/institution whose name appears on the endorsement to deposit or cash it. If your intention is that either one of the parties should be able to cash the check, then use or instead of and or and/or. Reserve the use of and to only those transactions where you specifically require all payees to endorse the check jointly.
Others require specific language and additional information for a valid endorsement. You should know that not all banks will accept third-party checks due to the high risk of fraud. The bank might also require both parties on the check to be present to cash or deposit the check.
The endorsement area of a check is found on the back of the check. If you flip your check over you’ll find a section with the words “ENDORSE CHECK HERE” and a box or some lines for you to write your signature. In order to finish a check transaction and receive your money, you as the check receiver must endorse the back of the check.
Call your bank and ask if it will allow you to cash a third-party check and, if so, how you can do so. The bank may ask you to come in with the person to whom the check is made out. Others may require that the person write their intent on the back of the check. You must specify the financial institution and intend to deposit the check remotely. Kevin Payne is a personal finance and travel writer who covers credit cards, banking, and other personal finance topics.
If you need to endorse checks to cash for your business or deposit into your business’s bank account, the process is slightly different than it is for personal checks. Instead of depositing or cashing the check yourself, you can sign a check over to another person. In this situation, you will use a full endorsement, also known as a special endorsement or a third-party check endorsement.
About the role The Senior Cloud Infrastructure Engineer will join the CIDO Data Portfolio to provide technical expertise in the storage and management of CBS data. You will complete tasks to agreed levels of quality, within stated timescales with no … Does the idea of shaping the future of cloud infrastructure sound right for you? Join our client as a Platform Engineer and play a pivotal role in providing automation, tooling, and cloud infrastructure capabilities for their technology and delivery/…
Absolutely amazing program I highly recommend it for all people aiming to improve their quality of life, they are incredibly flexible, hands on, and provide phenomenal service! As an Azure Cloud Engineer, you will be on the leading edge of the fastest growing technology in the IT industry. Learners are advised to conduct additional research to ensure that courses and other credentials pursued meet their personal, professional, and financial goals. Start on your path to Azure certification by meeting the prerequisites for the level of certification you desire, and then sign up for and take the certification exam. According to the Flexera 2023 State of the Cloud Report, Azure continues to hold the top spot for the most popular cloud provider, followed closely by AWS [1]. However, a fundamental level certification like AZ-900 would be best for you if you are a beginner.
Finally, explain what tools and technologies you used and why they were the best choice for the job. Be sure to emphasize your technical skills and knowledge of Azure as well as your ability to think strategically and solve problems. If so, we have a great opportunity for you The role is for are an IT consultancy firm that provides innovative and customize… Cloud engineers have a median base salary of $96,449, according to data from Glassdoor. The average salary of cloud engineers in the US at the time of publication was $118,586, according to Indeed.
When you renew your certifications, you’ll stay updated on changes and new technologies. This heightened security awareness typically makes you more attractive to companies looking to hire, especially in cloud security azure cloud engineer roles. Becoming Azure certified can help you advance your cloud computing career by showing you know the fundamentals of the cloud along with Azure’s services, architecture, governance, and management.
Talk about any projects you’ve worked on that used the Azure platform, and explain how you leveraged its features to achieve success. Additionally, talk about any certifications or training courses you have completed related to Azure, as well as any other relevant experience you may have. Be sure to also mention any tools you are familiar with for deploying, managing, and maintaining cloud services.
Finally, explain how you ensure that all solutions are secure, discussing topics like encryption, authentication, access control, and other security best practices. Be sure to highlight any successes or challenges you have faced in designing and deploying cloud solutions on the Azure platform. As businesses increasingly adopt Azure cloud solutions, the demand for skilled Azure Cloud Engineers continues to rise. Azure Cloud Engineers enjoy a wide range of career opportunities, including cloud architects, solutions architects, systems engineers, and DevOps engineers. Moreover, Azure certifications can significantly enhance career prospects and open doors to higher-level roles and responsibilities.
Among the skills measured in the certification exams is knowledge of cloud concepts and an understanding of Azure’s core architectural components. Other skills covered are Azure identity, access and security, and governance and compliance. Companies in all industries migrate to the cloud because of the benefits they get in storage, computing, and networking.
Cloud computing is growing at a tremendous rate and has seen a spurt in employment opportunities around the globe. It has a current market size of 371.5 billion dollars and is expected to grow significantly more. Begin by discussing your experience with Azure and how you have implemented disaster recovery plans for applications running on the platform. Talk about any relevant tools or technologies that you have used to ensure high availability, such as Azure Site Recovery, Azure Backup, and Azure Automation.
He then enrolled in the Cloud Architect Masters Program and was able to land a job soon after the course. Read about his success story in our Simplilearn Cloud Architect Review here. Azure Cloud Engineer Remote – may need to travel to UK sites in future 6 months 545 per day via Umbrella Would you like to join a global leader in consulting, technology services and digital transformation?
By outsourcing, organizations can benefit from these efficiencies, such as faster transaction processing, automated reconciliations, and improved workflow management. Accounting firms can handle increased workloads, seasonal variations, and new accounting challenges. As businesses grow or experience fluctuations in accounting requirements, the outsourcing arrangement can be easily adjusted.
This arrangement allows businesses to leverage the expertise of professional accountants and financial specialists without maintaining an in-house accounting department. Outsourced accounting is when an organization delegates its accounting and financial functions to an external third-party service provider. Every company new to the outsourcing world knows that there’s potential for mistakes in the transitional process. And while mistakes can happen at any moment, it’s certainly not a planned calendar event.
These can cover programs like short- and long-term disability, workers’ compensation, paid medical or family leave and more. That’s right—payroll taxes aren’t solely the federal government’s domain. Note that you aren’t the only one affected by late payroll tax payments.
Accounting, along with IT, is the most commonly outsourced business process, a survey by B2B ratings and reviews firm Clutch suggests. So if you’re the owner of a small accounting or bookkeeping firm, we’re guessing you’ve probably heard of outsourced accounting. As your company faces a high level of regulation, you can sit back and let your outsourced accounting professionals adhere to compliance requirements with the various regulatory bodies.
It’s likely that an outsourced CFO has experienced these challenges before, making them well-qualified to advise your business on its strategic direction. Let’s take a look at some common outsourced accounting myths and explore how outsourced accounting service providers like our team at LBMC are addressing them to build a better client experience. One of the best advantages of working with an outsourced accounting team is that you’ll get access to the most up-to-date accounting software. Since several companies are transitioning to a more hybrid or remote work model, outsourced accountants are much needed in smaller businesses and organizations. A fully outsourced service for endowment and cash management back and middle office functions. The service provider shall produce complete portfolio reporting, investment limit monitoring and accounting for the contracting entity’s investment portfolio using portfolio reporting systems.
At LBMC, our mission is to support entrepreneurial businesses at every stage to go further. Building a robust accounting infrastructure is a foundational element of that. That’s why our outsourced accounting services are set up to provide firms with the exact level of support they need. LBMC is a Tennessee, Kentucky and Indiana CPA firm dedicated to helping entrepreneurial businesses excel. We provide a wide range of outsourced accounting services to clients in a range of industries. To learn more about outsourcing your accounting needs to LBMC, contact us today.
And if you’re a CFO, Controller or accounting executive, know that in order to run a thriving business, you need to have an efficient finance and accounting department. Your accountants work in a separate location and might have different hours/habits. getting started with journal entries They might have a different work culture, which affects how they communicate. And if they don’t have much experience with your type of business (or industry-specific terminology), important matters can get lost in translation.
This includes outsourced accountant services, bookkeeping, payroll, financial reports, tax filing and management, accounts payable, accounts receivable, and other accounts-related services. The right outsourced accounting company or outsourced accountant can guarantee that you stay updated on all applicable tax laws in your locality. By having CPAs file and report your taxes on time, the firm can help reduce the risk of accounting and financial calculation errors for your company.
Regular evaluations of the outsourcing arrangement should be conducted to promptly identify and address any emerging risks or issues. There’s a multitude of reasons (think – cost, quality and more) – but did you know … You’ve scoured the internet for blogs about outsourcing and you’ve consumed enough pertinent information to make a well-thought-out decision. However, before you make that next move you want to know if it’ll work for your business. FUTA taxes are reported annually using Form 940, Employer’s Annual Federal Unemployment (FUTA) Tax Return.
You’ll want to set clear expectations from the start about the scope of work, not to mention how to handle any tasks outside of that scope, especially if you’re paying hourly. An early and open discussion about this can keep you from being hit with unexpected costs down the line. For example, the learning curve can be steep, which could cause you to input information incorrectly and yield inaccurate financial insights. Not only could such errors land you in hot water with the IRS, but they could also contribute to bad business decisions that impact your financial future. As companies grow, however, their needs also grow—requiring new accounting tasks.
InDinero offers tax, accountant, and financial services for businesses of all sizes. Some of their solutions include CFO services, accounting and bookkeeping services, tax services, and financial reporting. You’ve nurtured your business from its beginnings, and to this point, your finances are doing well. But your business is also growing—and along with it, your accounting needs. Unless you have a licensed, experienced CPA on staff, you’re probably not giving your books the attention they need. This is where outsourced accounting services can take your business to the next level.
A comprehensive outsourcing partner, such as TOA Global, will also provide you with data security measures to ensure your financial information is safe. Rishi Ram, partner at Optima Accountants, talks to us about setting up his offshore team, how he went about the offshoring process, and hiring a candidate from the TOA Global Accelerator Program. Outsource Accelerator is the leading Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) marketplace globally. We are the trusted, independent resource for businesses of all sizes to explore, initiate, and embed outsourcing into their operations. Fraud is a sensitive aspect that should be taken seriously, especially in the financial sector. That’s why accountants should know how to detect if records have been manipulated or faked.
It’ll be measured at the amount that the entity would rationally pay to settle the obligation at the end of the reporting period (or to transfer it to a third party). This estimate includes considering risks and uncertainties related to the timing and amount of payment as well as the time value of money. Not only that, but the estimate should be updated each and every reporting period to reflect the current best estimate. The treatment of a contingent asset is not consistent with the treatment of a contingent liability, which should be recorded when it is probable (thereby preserving the conservative nature of the financial statements). This means that contingent liabilities are more likely to be recorded than contingent assets. If the chance of the future event occurring is less than likely, but more than remote, GAAP calls the event reasonably possible.
As soon as an entity is aware that a contract is onerous, the full loss should be provided for as a liability in the statement of financial position. A provision is a liability of uncertain timing or amount, meaning that there is some question over either how much will be paid or when this will be paid. Before the introduction of IAS 37, these uncertainties may have been exploited accumulated depreciation and depreciation expense by companies trying to ‘smooth profits’ in order to achieve the results that their various stakeholders wanted. Contingent assets should be regularly assessed to ensure that they are properly disclosed in the financial statements. In addition, the disclosure should include the most probable loss amount, or if that number cannot be determined, a range of possible loss.
Harold Averkamp (CPA, MBA) has worked as a university accounting instructor, accountant, and consultant for more than 25 years. The ICAEW Library & Information Service provides full text access to a selection of key business and reference eBooks from leading publishers. EBooks are available to logged-in ICAEW members, ACA students and other entitled users. If you are unable to access an eBook, please see our Help and support advice or contact Keep up-to-date on the latest insights and updates from the GAAP Dynamics’ team on all things accounting and auditing.
It can be seen here that Rey Co could only recognise an asset from a potential inflow if the realisation of income is virtually certain. (a) Type of obligation
The obligation could be a legal one, arising from a court case or some kind of contractual arrangement. Most candidates are able to spot this in exams, identifying the presence of a potential obligation of this type.
While making the entry, a debit to an expense account and a credit to a liability account is easy, determining whether the loss is probable is the difficult part. The GAAP definition of an event being probable is that “the event or events are likely to occur.” This leaves a significant amount of judgment up to the small business owner. As such, it is a good idea to confer with an outside party, such as your company attorney, to determine his take on the likelihood of a loss. There are certain cases or transactions when the final outcomes will not be known at that exact same time.
The main rule to follow is that where a single obligation is being measured, the best estimate will be the most likely outcome. If the provision being measured involves a large number of items, such as a warranty provision for repairing goods, the expected value should be calculated using the probability of all possible outcomes. IFRS Accounting Standards are, in effect, a global accounting language—companies in more than 140 jurisdictions are required to use them when reporting on their financial health. A company involved in a lawsuit that expects to receive compensation has a contingent asset because the outcome of the case is not yet known and the dollar amount is yet to be determined.
Qualifying contingent liabilities are recorded as an expense on the income statement and a liability on the balance sheet. A contingent asset is a potential economic benefit that is dependent on future events out of a company’s control. Not knowing for certain whether these gains will materialize, or being able to determine their precise economic value, means these assets cannot be recorded on thebalance sheet. However, they can be reported in the accompanying notes of financial statements, provided that certain conditions are met.
Contingent asset accounting policies for GAAP, meanwhile, are mainly outlined in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 450. Details on the level and composition of Japan’s international reserves/ foreign currency liquidity are provided below. Japan’s reserve assets totaled $ 1,294,637 million as of the end of December 2023, up $ 24,930 million from the end of November. Let’s explore a practical scenario involving a company embroiled in a legal dispute.
If the value can be estimated, the liability must have a greater than a 50% chance of being realized. Finally, the last category of items discussed in IAS 37 are contingent assets. A common example of a contingent asset could be a lawsuit where the entity could be entitled to receive the proceeds of a settlement. Contingent assets, tied to uncertain future events, demand prudent accounting. Premature recognition risks distorting financial statements and potentially misleading stakeholders. In this case, Rey Co would include a provision for the $10m legal provision in liabilities.
Although contingent liabilities are necessarily estimates, they only exist where it is probable that some amount of payment will be made. This is why they need to be reported via accounting procedures, and why they are regarded as “real” liabilities. A warranty is another common contingent liability because the number of products returned under a warranty is unknown.
EXAMPLE
An employee was injured at work in 20X8 due to faulty equipment and is suing Rey Co. Rey Co’s lawyers have advised that it is probable that the entity will be found liable. Rey Co would have to provide for the best estimate of any damages payable to the employee.
[This is different from contingent liabilities and contingent losses, which are recorded in accounts and reported on the financial statements when they are probable and the amount can be estimated. The information is still of importance to decision makers because future cash payments will be required. Contingent assets are possible assets whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of uncertain future events that are not wholly within the control of the entity. Contingent assets are not recognized, but they are disclosed when it is more likely than not that an inflow of benefits will occur. However, when the inflow of benefits is virtually certain an asset is recognized in the statement of financial position because that asset is no longer considered to be contingent. Contingent liabilities are possible obligations whose existence will be confirmed by uncertain future events that are not wholly within the control of the entity.
